Method of making shingles



May`24, 1932.v G. B. sTRYKER, JR

METHOD oF MAKING sHINGLEs Filed Julyl 5l. 1928 l ATTORNEY.

INV NTOR thetwo elements, the side edges of thebase element are preferably provided with in- I Patented May 24, 1932 TENT' I 0F GEORGE E. STRYKER, JR.,OE MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, ASSIGNOR TO THE'WEATPIERPROOE PRODUCTS COMPANY, OE MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, A CORPORATION OP TENNESSEE METHOD OF MAKING SHINGLES Application filed July 31, 1928.1 Serial N0. 296,604.

from the properties of the other thek composimix for each is also dierent.

tion of the -The base or core element is soft and porous, like a felt pad and is av good heat and cold insulator. The other element composedprincipally of mineral ingredients possesses a hard surface and has accordingly good wearing properties, is rainandhail-proof and a non-conductor of electricity. I

In the accompanying drawings isjillustrated a composite shingle madein accordance with the present invention,V andl l Figure 1 is a plan view of the base element of the shingle; and Figure 2 is an end view of Figure 1; Figure 3 an under plan view of the top or cover element of the shingle; and7 Figure 4 an end view of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a bottom planview of the 1assembledV shingle;

Figure 6 a transverse 6 6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 a longitudinalfsection along line 7-7 of Figure 5; f'

Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan .view of ya roof laid with these shingles; and

Figure 9 a fragmentary'section along line 9 9 of Figure 8. i

Reference numeral lO represents the base or core element andrnumeral l1 thel top or4 cover, element. By means of the marginal I flanges 12 the top element 11 grips tightly dentations or notches as atV 13,l while the flanges of the top element have corresponding sharp projections 14 engaging said notches. i' ,The preferred sizeof a shingleunit is six I section along line I The lower end ofthe baseV element jis slightly tapered as from I15'to 16 for the purpose of increasing the flange thickness of thetop element, therebyrgiving greater strength vand also preventing waterfrom reaching the base element. For the same reason.` the.' flanges 12 are made slightly higher,as at`l87 than l the thickness of the pad or basezelement, which preferably has uniform thickness. In this mann-er when the shingle is laid the bottom surfaceof thepad or'base element will be 'raised above the supporting structure. I

'As best seen in Figure 5 of the drawings the -linished shingle is preferably rectangular, that is to say,'the top element has parallel side edgeswhich merge into thev edgesofVV the upper portion 17 ofthe base-element,-

while the remainder of the latter has the same contour asthe inner sideof the ianges element 11 tapers slightly from one end to the other, being thickest at the lower endk midway between said -edge and the notches I 14h-lt 22 are shown nail holes in the'top` element forsecuring the shingles in position.I Y

In Figures V8 and 9 `is illustrated the preferable manner of laying the shingles.` iA tier of units A is first nailed fast as at 22and positioned with th-e butt ends 23 lowerinost, in a straight line the 'usual manner. rThe next tier B is then placed on top of the first with its lineof butt ends 23 about siXinches f from the Vfirst butt end Vline or about; even with points 1,5 of` Figure 1,. `This then provides kthe exposed or weather portion'of ning out to a knife edge a little shortof the Y `top edge'of'the base element 10 or about units A. At the sametime the side edges of 4 i the units in tier B are displaced about Onethird of the width of the shingle from the side `edgesof tier A .as seen in Figure'. This ives a sta'ggeredline of exposed side edges. imilarly the third and fourth tiers C of shingleunits are laid and nailedfast to produce the assembled eifect indicated',

I I I II 70 The body portion 19 of the top or cover inches by fourteen inches (6 x 14) distributed as follows: 2^ from the upper edge to the notch 13; 6 between said notch and the point and 6 below the latter. In this manner there will always be three thicknesses of shingle near its upper and lower edge of 2" length, while 10 will have double thickness and only 6 will be exposed.

The product may have many other applications'than the one shown on thedraWings of which a few may here enumerated, namely as wallboards, fillers, electric insulating material, weather sidings, linings, surfacing and exteriorl veneering of building walls.

The production of the base or core element will rst be treated. VThis element is made in a similar man-ner as paper or Acardboard fso in the Waste paper. "l found necessary, `finely icomminuted rosin y maybe dissolved in the hot 'water before 2 per, preferably old newspapers,

,as to form large sheets which arersubsequently cut up into pads of suitable size and Vconf tour and'preferably of uniform' thickness.

r`lhe vpreferred method of manufacturing this base element is here described but it is evident that .manyY modifications may be made and particularly as regards the ingredients selected, 4the latter depending 'mainly on the locality where the articles are manufactured, so that in the south, where lcotton stalks vare abundant these wouldV form the basic ingredients; while in other' places,

where corn stalks, wood shavings or the like abound., they would form the base as being the ycheapest and easiest to obtain.

The ingredients for` the mix are principally libre, as from cotton stalks and waste pa- Of these ingredients approximately .in rWeight of -fibre is taken with v25% of paper waste, finely comminutcd and placed in a mechanical mixer :together with sufficient water to .produce a flowing substance 'or mix of creamy lconsistency.. The water should be :heatedjsufliciently, say'to 250 or 300 degrees Fahrenheit, in order to act on the 'bin-der contained In case more binder 'is added 'to the other ingredients'infihenaechanical mixer. When rosin is used the Weight proportions would be Aapproxi-mlately '67 `to 73% cotton stalk Vor -other vegetable libre,

' 25% waste paper land 8 to 2% ros'iin.

The creamy mix is vthen vpumped from lthe mechanical `mixer and passed through rolls,

which should be heated and onto an endless heit, as in paper making, forming long sheets which are subsequently cut or in any 'l he ingredients areffibre, clay, lime, and

cement, to which may be added any coloring material desired. Y

First, the libre is finely comminuted. For this ingredient, any kind of vegetable libre may be used and in particular cotton stalks, but veven asbestos fibre may be used.

Next clay, so-called ball clayl preferably, is similarly brought into pulverized state.

Hydrated 'lime and Portland Vcement are then treated in `the same 'manner to be 'finely commin-uted. i

These ingredients are thereupon put into a mechanical mixer in the approximate weight proportions of 3, 6, 2 and 18, respectively; or for a single shingle, for instance, .1.15 ounces of the fibre, 3 ounces ofthe ball acl-ay, .1 ounce of the hydratedlime and :9 ounces of Portland cement, all-finely comminuted, are stirred `up in the mixerltogether with water Yuntil i'a line., plastic is o'btained. Y In case coloring isv desired, any desired coloring material is added to the mix while being-stirred. d

This .plastic mix is now 'ready to be cast and Ya suitable .mold of -the sine and shape of the article to be made is, used. FOrthecomposite shingle shown in the drawings. the mold .has .a rectangular recess ofthe' length, `width and' depth of the shingle, as seen in Figures 5,6 and V7 and its bottom `is :slantii-rg towards one end.. .A :filler piece of wood or yfelt is first placed on the bottom of the mold recess and this fill-er piece is ,out to the `size :and shape of the base element las .seen-in Figure 1 and temporarily ror permanently se- -culred in the mold bot-tom. v,Its thickness is equal to the difference-between the liei-ghtfof .the flange 12 yof the top element :11 and the thickness 'of the pad or base 'element 110, see Figure?. l

The lbase element lit) which hasv previously been dried and lcompletely :finished is next placed on "top tof thefllerpiece. The plastic mix .is now'poured into the mold pressure :applied in order to squeeze theimix tightly around three edges 'ofthe er base element and-,into the .notches at llrthereof. The pressure is continueduntil ther-nass becomes frm and hard, when the body portion 19 of the top element will coverxthe top V:side'ofthe base yelement 1*-0 tapering from the butt end to nothing short of `thferrther end ofthe pad `asrseen-in the figures. y

As soon as the plastic mixisperif'ectly dried ont the now finished composite shin-'gie*is removed from the mold` ready. yfor use. The two 'elements adhere very firmly toea'ch other lvon -account of the 'shape of the elements yund theirl treatment.

The required pressure during the fasting*w maybe ohtained either ifrom'fa mechanical., :air or hydraulic press. f Y

It .is to be 'understood that the invention as here 'disclosed `ifs 'not .limited to `tthe details of consistency, passing the mass through heatedV pressing rollers to form a sheet, cutting the resultant sheet into suitable shapes for said body portions; mixing finely comminuted libre, clay, lime and cement into a plastic mass, placing said body portion in a mould and then pouring thereonsaid plastic mass and applying pressure thereto whereby said mass will tightly bind against the body pori K tion and produce the structural unit, substantially as set forth. Y

2. A method of manufacturing a composite structural unit comprising a body portion and a cover portion, which consists. in thoroughly mixing, by weight, finely comminuted fibre 67 to 7 3%, waste paper 25%,

and rosin binder 3 to'8%, in the presence of water heated to 250 or 300o F. until the mass has a creamy consistency, passing the mass through heated pressing rollers to Vform a sheet, cutting the resultant sheet into suitable shapes for said body portions; next mixing finely comminuted fibre, clay, lime and cement into a plastic mass,'placing said body portion in a mould and then pouring thereon i said plastic mass and applying pressure thereto whereby said mass will tightly bind against the body portion and produce the structural unit, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Washington, District of Columbia, this twenty-seventh day of July, A. D.

nineteen hundred and twenty-eight.

GEORGE B. STRYKER, JR. 

